Solar energy

Solar Is a Land Use Tradeoff

Unlike wind, solar takes the leased acres out of crop production for the duration of the lease. In exchange, it pays substantially more per acre than typical row crops.

Land use
~6–8 ac
per MW (varies by site)
Typical lease
$700–$1,500
per acre per year
Term
25–40 years
initial + extensions

More land intensive

A utility-scale solar project covers most of the leased acreage with panels, inverters, and access roads. While limited grazing or pollinator plantings are sometimes possible underneath, traditional row cropping is not.

Stable income

Solar leases are typically structured as fixed annual payments per acre with built-in escalators. That means predictable, weather-independent income for the length of the contract — something traditional farming cannot match in volatile years.

Best for lower-performing land

Solar makes the most economic sense on land where farming returns are marginal — heavier soils with drainage issues, low-yield ground, or fields that are difficult to access with modern equipment. Prime, high-yielding cropland often pencils out worse for solar than the farmer's existing operation.

The honest tradeoff
Solar pays more, but you give up farming the leased acres for decades. Whether that is the right decision depends on the land, the contract, and the farm's overall situation. Run your own numbers in the calculator before deciding.